UrbanDevelopment

This is a summary of Chapter 10 in the textbook.

__**Urbanization**__ The movement of people into concentrated ("clustered") areas. An area with 2500+ people is considered "urban" Over half of the US population now lives in urban areas. This switch occurred sometime between 2007 and 2008. AGGLOMERATIONS refer to merging cities that grow so large they encompass other surrounding cities (ie NYC, New Jersey, and Long Island)

//Pros to Urban Areas vs. Rural//
 * more employment opportunities
 * more services available
 * centralized management of public supplies (like water), public needs (like waste management), and security
 * efficiency of distribution for economic systems

//Cons to Urban Areas vs. Rural//
 * less space per person
 * increase in crime rates
 * diseases can spread easier in close living conditions
 * a few wealthy people typically control land area and poor people do not have access to property

//World's Largest Urban Areas//
 * 1) Tokyo, Japan (35.2 million+)
 * 2) Mexico City (19.4 million+)
 * 3) New York City (18.7 million+)
 * 4) Sao Paulo, Brazil (18.3 million+)
 * 5) Mumbai (Bombay) India (15 million+)


 * __Characteristics of Cities in Developing Countries__**
 * 1/4 households live in poverty (by the developing world standard)
 * 2/3 of cities do not treat their wastewater
 * 1/3 to 1/2 of cities do not provide trash collection
 * 1/3 of cities have areas police consider "dangerous"
 * Buses are the most common form of transportation
 * Nations often have legislation to provide adequate housing but this is not enforced, and many people are homeless (see pictures of "squatters" on page 218)

__**City Organization- POET (Population, Organization, Environment, Technology)**__ //Population//- the number of people and the demographics of the city //Organization//- the social structure of the city, including government, social hierarchy //Environment//- the natural environment (ie near a mountain or river) and the city's infrastructure (ie roads, bridges) //Technology//- human inventions that directly affect the urban environment (ie aqueducts)